Industrialization of Electric Vehicles

Research on the industrialization of electric vehicles with demand forecasting using the exponential smoothing method, the Harvard Kennedy School (2011) has reported there may be as many as 1.5 billion cars on the road by 2050, compared to 750 million in 2010. Growth in demand is both an opportunity and a challenge to new vehicle technology, namely the Electric Vehicle (EV) is one of the New Energy Vehicles. IEDC (International Economic Development Council, 2013) has reported that the EV industry creates additional economic development opportunities by improving quality of life, reducing energy expenditure, and reducing dependence on foreign oil. In order to overcome energy, environmental constraints and achieve sustainable development, the world’s automotive industry has long been in active exploration to promote the transformation of the transportation energy power system. Especially since 2008, in the face of the financial crisis, high international oil price shocks and increasingly heavy pressure on energy saving and emission reduction, the world automotive industry entered a period of transformation of transportation energy, the development of electric vehicles became a technical path of transformation of transportation energy which became an international consensus. . The world’s electric vehicle industry has entered a new stage of accelerating development. Many countries have taken many policies and measures to develop their EV industry. First, the central government has issued a development strategy and a national plan for electric vehicles, which in turn indicate the direction of industrial development. The Japanese government takes the development of electric vehicles as the core content of the “low-carbon revolution”, and tries to make the number of uses of “next-generation cars”, including electric vehicles, reach 1.35 million. In November 2008, the German government proposed promoting the use of 1 million pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles in the next 10 years, claiming that the implementation of this plan marked Germany’s entry into the era of electric vehicles. The American government is implementing the Green New Deal, including electric vehicles which are considered an important part of the national strategy, and plans to popularize the use of 1 million hybrid electric vehicles by 2015. The implementation of the national strategy has an important role in industrial development and will certainly further accelerate the process of industrial development international electric vehicle. After 2000, the Chinese government has presented a series of policies to encourage the development of the EV industry, such as 863 major projects of R&D and industrialization of electric vehicles (Jan. 2001), restructuring and revitalization plan of the car industry (March 2009), notification of pilot private new energy purchases vehicle subsidies (Jun. 2010) and plans for the development of the energy efficient and new energy automotive industry (2010 – 2012). Second, battery power has received a lot of attention, R&D investment has increased dramatically, and electric vehicle technology breakthroughs are expected to increase rapidly. Before 2011, the Japanese government had invested around 40 billion yen in research on advanced battery technology. Since 2011, the German government launched a vehicle development program on lithium batteries, which almost all German auto and energy giants participate in. In August 2009, Obama, the US president, announced to pay $2 billion to support advanced battery R&D and industrialization. Third, the national government increases policy support and pushes for the industrialization of electric vehicles with all its might. On the one hand, the government is increasing incentive policies for consumers to accelerate the growth of the electric vehicle market. In April 2009, Japan began implementing a new green tax, which means that pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and other vehicles with low emissions and low fuel consumption are given tax preference. At around the same time, the UK government introduced a new vehicle tax, while pure electric vehicles were exempt from consumption tax. The French government gives the highest award of 5000 Euros to consumers who buy low emission vehicles. America is a bit different, the government applies preferential taxation on PHEVs, and tax deductions range between $2500 and $15000. On the other hand, the government is encouraging companies to accelerate the industrialization of electric vehicles by increasing credit support. The American government provides loans for the production of electric vehicles. Now, the international EV industry has enormous development opportunities. Eberle and von Helmolt (2010) show that around 96% of the fuel used for propulsion purposes is produced from fossil energy sources.